I. The Theology of the Dualists

Seek to do justice to the need for holding together as well as for distinguishing between loyalty to Christ and responsibility for culture
Conflict is between God and man, or better---between God and us…the issues lies between the righteousness of God and the righteousness of self
Answer in dealing with the cultural problem is the great act of reconciliation and forgiveness---Jesus
The knowledge of the grace of God was not given him, and he does not believe it is given to any, as a self-evident truth of reason--as certain cultural Christians, the Deists for instance, believe.
Dualist of Luther’s type discerns corruption and degradation in all man’s work.
Human culture is corrupt and it includes all human work, not simply the achievements of men outside the church, but also those in it, …not only philosophy but theology
What is said about the depravity of man is said therefore from the standpoint and in the situation of cultured, sinful man confronting the holiness of divine grace.
The dualist differs from the synthesist also in his conception of the nature of corruption in culture Having contended like Job for his own goodness, he also joins in the confession..I abhor myself and repent in dust and ashes All human action, all culture, is infected with godlessness, which is the essence of all sin…Godlessness appears as the will to live without God…independent and secure in one’s self, to be godlike in oneself Reason in human affairs is never separable from its egoistic, godless, perversion.
THE DUALIST KNOWS THAT HE BELONGS TO THAT CULTURE AND CANNOT GET OUT OF IT, THAT GOD INDEED SUSTAINS HIM IN IT AND BY IT..for if God in His grace did not sustain the world in its sin it would not exist for a moment TWO OF THE PARTICULARLLY IMPORTANT PARADOXES IN DUALISTS ANSWER 1) Law and grace Not for spiritual superman, yet no human self-culture in obedience to that law can avail to extricate man out of his sinful dilemma -The law of God In the hands of men is an instrument of sin…yet coming from Him and from His lips it is a means of grace…despair in himself and turning him to God 2) Divine wrath and mercy
II. The Dualistic Motif in Paul and Marcion

Manichean Seek to do justice to the need for holding together as well as for distinguishing between loyalty to Christ and responsibility for culture Conflict is between God and man, or better---between God and us…the issues lies between the righteousness of God and the righteousness of self Answer in dealing with the cultural problem is the great act of reconciliation and forgiveness---Jesus The knowledge of the grace of God was not given him, and he does not believe it is given to any, as a self-evident truth of reason--as certain cultural Christians, the Deists for instance, believe. Dualist of Luther’s type discerns corruption and degradation in all man’s work. Human culture is corrupt and it includes all human work, not simply the achievements of men outside the church, but also those in it, …not only philosophy but theology What is said about the depravity of man is said therefore from the standpoint and in the situation of cultured, sinful man confronting the holiness of divine grace. The dualist differs from the synthesist also in his conception of the nature of corruption in culture Having contended like Job for his own goodness, he also joins in the confession..I abhor myself and repent in dust and ashes All human action, all culture, is infected with godlessness, which is the essence of all sin…Godlessness appears as the will to live without God…independent and secure in one’s self, to be godlike in oneself Reason in human affairs is never separable from its egoistic, godless, perversion. THE DUALIST KNOWS THAT HE BELONGS TO THAT CULTURE AND CANNOT GET OUT OF IT, THAT GOD INDEED SUSTAINS HIM IN IT AND BY IT..for if God in His grace did not sustain the world in its sin it would not exist for a moment TWO OF THE PARTICULARLLY IMPORTANT PARADOXES IN DUALISTS ANSWER 1) Law and grace Not for spiritual superman, yet no human self-culture in obedience to that law can avail to extricate man out of his sinful dilemma -The law of God In the hands of men is an instrument of sin…yet coming from Him and from His lips it is a means of grace…despair in himself and turning him to God 2) Divine wrath and mercy ???