Homer

8th Century B.C. (700s)
Ionian School?

Milesian school/ Pythagorean Schools	Eleatic School	Sophism	Pluralist School	Atonomist School of Pluralists	other
Thales of Miletos (624 BC–ca. 546 BC) Milesian school Anaximander (610-546 BC) Milesian school Anaximenes of Miletus (585-525 BC) Milesian school pupil of Anaximander: Pythagoras (582-496 BC) pupil of Anaximander: Milesian school (may have met Thales, also by Pherecdes of Syros) other influences: Jewish, Thracians, Pherecydes of Syros revered as a prophet by the Ahl al-Tawhid or Druze faith FOUNDER: Pythagorean Schools (Alcmaeon of Croton) Philolaus (470-380 BC) Archytas (428-347 BC)	Xenophanes of Colophon ?(570 – 480 BC) Eleatic School Parmenides of Elea (510-450 BC) Eleatic School pupil of Ameinias FOUNDER of the Eleatic School of Elea, Zeno of Elea Elactic School of Elea Melissus of Samos Elactic School of Elea pupil of Parmenides	Protagoras ( 490– 420 BC) Sophists Gorgias (483-375 BC) Hippias (485-415 BC) Antiphon (480-411 BC) Prodicus (465-390 BC) Thrasymachus	Anaxagoras (500 BC–428 BC) Pluralist School? Ionian Archelaus Empedocles (490-430 BC) (pupil?	Leucippus (5th C. BC, ??) atonomist Democritus (460-370 BC) atonomist student of Leucippus	Heraclitus (535-475 BC) Cratylus (late 5th Century BC) pupil of Heraclitus

Socrates Possible Influences sophists ( Prodicus the rhetor) Pluralists Ionian Anaxagoras & his pupil Archelaus witch & priestess Diotima statesman Aspasia, the mistress of Pericles ??Eleatic?? ??Parmenides?? Aristophanes portrays Socrates as accepting payment for teaching and running a sophist school with Chaerephon, Socrates mentions several influences: Prodicus the rhetor and Anaxagoras the scientist. Socrates claims to have been deeply influenced by two women besides his mother: He says that Diotima, a witch and priestess from Mantinea taught him all he knows about eros, or love, & Aspasia, the mistress of Pericles, taught him the art of funeral orations. John Burnet argued that his principal teacher was the Anaxagorean Archelaus
Students of Socrates
Euclid of Megara Eleatic Socrates synthesis of Eleatic and Socratic ideas (450-380 BC) FOUNDED the Megarian school of philosophy His doctrinal heirs, the Stoic logicians, inaugurated the most important school of logic in antiquity other than Aristotle's peripatetics. Eubulides of Miletus (4th Century BC) pupil & successor of Euclid taught logic to Demosthenes said to have taught Apollonius Cronus, the teacher of Diodorus Cronus, and the historian Euphantus. Ichtyas pupil of Euclid second leader of the Megarian school Thrasymachus of Corinth master of Stilpo pupil of Euclid Stilpo (380-300 BC) pupil of Thrasymachus master of Zeno of Citium to stoics of the Megarian school ( was a contemporary of Theophrastus and Crates of Thebes inspired most Greece with Megarian philosophy. a number of distinguished men he said to drawn away from Aristotle, Theophrastus, and others, and attached to himself: Crates the Cynic Zeno of Citium FOUNDER of the stoic school Bryson pupil of Stilpo	Antisthenes Sophists Georgias Socrates disciple first of Gorgias, and then of Socrates (445-360 BC) important inspiration for later Cynic philosophy attacks on his contemporaries: Alcibiades, Gorgias, & Plato Theopompus even said that Plato stole from him many of his thoughts Diogenes of Sinope (400-325 BC) (questionable if he ever met antisthenes) with Antisthenes, Crates of Thebes, and Xeno, Diogenes is considered one of the founders of Cynicism.	Aristippus Sophist?? Socrates (435-356 BC) founder of the Cyrenaic School of Philosophy (HEDONISTS) appeared insulting to Xenophon and Plato, discussion against Socrates Aristotle, too, calls him a sophist	Plato Cratylus Socrates acquainted with Cratylus (a disciple of Heraclitus) before meeting socrates (428-347 BC) founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world Speusippus (407-339 BC) After Plato's death, Speusippus inherited the Academy and remained its head for the next eight years. However, following a stroke, he passed the chair to Xenocrates. Xenocrates (396-314 BC) pupil of Aeschines Socraticus, but presently joined himself to Plato, whom he attended to Sicily in 361. Xenocrates was succeeded as scholarch by Polemon, whom he had reclaimed from a life of profligacy. Besides Polemon, the statesman Phocion, Chaeron (tyrant of Pellene), the academic Crantor, the Stoic Zeno and Epicurus are said to have frequented his lectures. Aristotle (384-322 BC) student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Athens. By 335 BC, he established his own school there, known as the Lyceum. Aristotle's successor at the Lyceum, Theophrastus, Lyceum grew into the Peripatetic school. Aristotle's notable students included Alesander the Great Demetrius of Phalerum Theophrastus (370-288 BC) Aristoxenus, Dicaearchus, Eudemos of Rhodes, Harpalus, Hephaestion, Meno, Mnason of Phocis, Nicomachus Amyclus of Heraclea Aristonymus Axiothea of Phlius Callippus of Athens Coriscus of Scepsis Demetrius of Amphipolis Dion of Syracuse Erastus of Scepsis Euaeon of Lampsacus Eudoxus of Cnidus Heraclides of Aenus Heraclides of Pontus Hermias of Atarneus Hestiaeus of Perinthus Hippothales of Athens Lastheneia of Mantinea Philippus of Opus Phormio Python of Aenus Timolaus of Cyzicus Theophrastus

Hellenistic schools of thought
???Peripatetics??

Cynicism	Epicureanism	Eclecticism	Hedonism	Hellenistic Judaism	Skepticism
Antisthenes (445-360 BC) (Antisthenes, Diogenes of Sinope (400-325 BC) Crates of Thebes, and Xeno, considered founders of Cynicism) Diogenes of Sinope (400-325 BC) perhaps student of Antisthenes but don't know they met Crates of Thebes (365-290?) perhaps student of Diogenes but don't know for sure Zeno of Citium student of Crates of Thebes Founder of Stoicism Bion of Borysthenes (325-c. 250 BC) First an Academic and a disciple of Xenocrates, then Cynic, (possibly under Crates) then to Theodorus, finally a pupil of Theophrastus Onesicritus (360-c. 290 BC) influenced by work of Diogenes (sailed with Alexander the Great to India) Others Menippus of Gadara (moral satirist)(3rd century BC)	Epicurus Atonomist Democritus Cyrenaic School Aristippus atomic materialist, following Democritus seek pleasures to attain tranquility from Aristippus (341-270 BC) Hermarchus brought upa rhetorician, became disciple of Epicurus appointed successor as the head of school, about 270 BC. Idomeneus (310-270 BC) friend and disciple of Epicurus Leonteus & his wife Themista, Colotes (satiric) (3rd Century BC) disciple of Epicurus Polyaenus of Lampsacus (340–278 BC) math friend of Epicurus pupil Philodemus Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) (331–278 BC) most distinguished disciple of Epicurus Lucretius (Roman) (99 BC- 55 BC) Most known roman proponent	Eclecticism draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas Stoics Panaetius and Posidonius, New Academics Carneades and Philo of Larissa. Romans, Cicero was thoroughly eclectic, as he united the Peripatetic, Stoic, and New Academic doctrines. Further eclectics were Varro and Seneca.	Hedonism	Hellenistic Judaism Philo of Alexandria (30 BC - 45 AD) Flavius Josephus	*Skepticism **Pyrrho (365-275 BC) to philosophy by the works of Democritus, acquainted with the Megarian dialectic through Bryson, pupil of Stilpo. along with Anaxarchus, travelled with Alexander the Great on his exploration of the East *Timon (320-230 BC) student of Pyrrho (taught at Chalcedon as a sophist) knew kings Antigonus and Ptolemy II Philadelphus. said to have assisted Alexander Aetolus and Homerus in the composition of their tragedies, said to be the teacher of Aratus. only two Philosophers he doesn't rack on are Xenophanes and Pyrrho Pyrrhonian skepticism Aenesidemus (1st century BC) founder of this school Agrippa (1st century AD) Sextus Empiricus (2nd & possibly 3rd centuries AD) Academic Skepticism Arcesilaus (316-232 BC) Carneades (214-129 BC) Cicero (Roman)	Sophism	*Stoicism **Zeno of Citium (333-263 BC) Cleanthes (331-232 BC) *Chrysippus (280-207 BC) Posidonius (135-51 BC) Crates of Mallus (brought Stoicism to Rome c. 170 BCE) Panaetius Seneca (Roman) Epictetus (Greek/Roman) Marcus Aurelius (Roman)	(Neoplatonism) **Plotinus (205-270 AD) Porphyry (233-309 AD) Iamblichus of Chalcis (245-325 AD) Ammonius Saccas (3rd Century AD) Proclus (February 8, 412 CE – April 17, 485)

Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC) Clitomachus (187-109 BC) Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BC) Philo of Larissa (160-80 BC) Antiochus of Ascalon (130-68 BC)