Foreward Scroll down this page for a list of Greek Philosophers and Christian Theologians listed by periods. Many Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and world events are listed next to these Theologians and Philosophers to help contextualize their place in history. The menu links will quickly scroll to periods. The "top" link by each period will return you to the top of this page. This page is under constant development Menu Individuals by Periods My Special Dedications (Top Pages) Antiquity: B.C. | Apostolic Age | Apostles to Nicea | Nicea to Fall of Rome | Medieval: Early Medieval | Schoolastics | Renaissance | Early Modern: Reformation | Enlightenment | Modern: | Post-Modern: Personal Favorites (under development) my page for Augustine | My page for Barth | My Page for Bonhoeffer | My page for H. Richard Niebuhr | study on Christ & Culture | list of theologian pages formatted by Richard's Typologies Top Links Links of Interest (links to other sites) | Trends and Developments Centropian Enterprises Religious Studies Directory Entrance Links to Particular Theologicans by Time Period Antiquity (top) 1700 - 1275 Sojourn in Egypt 1275-1235 Exodus and Wilderness 1235- 1050 Occupation/the Judges (1050 BC - 1007 BC?) Saul 1st King Ish-bosheth (ap. 1005 - 967?) David Rules United Kingdom (ap. 971-922?) Solomon Rules United Kingdom 922 BC - Kingdom Divides into Judah and Israel (ap.860) Elish denoused king Ahab Classical Antiquity B.C. (top) (*Classical Antiquity thought to cover period from Homer to dissolution of classical culture at the close of Late Antiquity (AD 300-600), blending into the Early Middle Ages (AD 500-1000))[1] Archaic period of Classical Antiquity My Page for Western Philosophy of Antiquity Homer (8th Century BC?) My Page for Homer 753 BC - Founding of Rome (traditional date) (ap. 750) Amos writes 722 Northern Israel Falls (ap. 600) Jeremiah writes Pre-Socratic philosophy/Jewish Exile & 2nd Temple My Page for Pre-Socratic Philosophy Pythagoras (582-496 BC) My Page for Pythagoras 587 Southern Judah Falls 587-539 BC - Jewish Exile 539 BC End of Babylonian Empire 539-332 Persian Period 515 BC Dedication of 2nd Temple 509 BC - Expulsion of the last King of Rome, founding of Roman Republic (traditional date) Classical Greek/Judaism My Page for Classic Greek Philosophers Socrates (470 – 399 BCE): My Page for Socrates Plato (427-347 BC): My Page for Plato Aristotle (384-322 BC)My Page for Aristotle Pharisee Saducee Eseene Zealot (around 400 BC) Scholars denote "Judaism" with Ezra (356 BC — 323 BC) Alexander the Great Hellenistic My Page for Hellenistic Philosophy 332 BC Alexander the Great captures Jerusalem 168 Antiochus Epiphanes errect statue of Zeus in Jerusalem 165-63 BC Macabean Period 69 Pompey arrives Jewish Philosophy/Philo JESUS Hillel the Elder (20 BC - 50 AD) Philo Hillel the Elder copy (20 BC - 50 AD) Philo copy Apostolic Age (30-100 AD) (top) Stephen | James, son of Zebedee (? - ca. 44) | James, brother of Jesus (? - 62) | The Apostle Paul (? - 65) | The Apostle Peter (? - 65) | 66-73 First Jewish-Roman War 70 Destruction of Temple From the Apostles to the Council of Nicaea (100-325) (top) The Apostolic Fathers: Clement of Rome (? - ca. 98) | Ignatius of Antioch (? - ca. 98/110) | Polycarp (ca. 70 - ca.155/167) | Didache | Epistle of Barnabas | Shepherd of Hermas | The Apologists: Justin Martyr (ca. 114 – ca. 165) Tertullian (ca. 155–230) my page for Tertullian Tatian (110-180) Other writers: Irenaeus (ca. 130-202) | Marcion (ca. 110-160): My Page for Marcion | Clement of Alexandria(?-211/216) my page for Clement | Origen (ca. 182 – ca. 251) Cyprian (ca. 200-258) | 96–180: Five Good Emperors of Rome 132–135: Bar Kokhba's revolt 144: Marcion, 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century 258: Valerian's Massacre of Christians 308: Constantine I is declared Caesar 313: Edict of Milan, ending all persecution of Christians 318: Constantine is converted in Byzantium, and the Christian Church is institutionalised From the Council of Nicaea to the Fall of the Roman Empire (325-590) (top) Arius (AD 256 - 336)and Arianism | Athanasius (298–373 A.D.) | Constantine (272–337) | Eusebius of Caesarea (265-339)| Basil the Great (330-379) | Gregory of Nazianzus (329-389)| Gregory of Nyssa (335-394) | Ambrose of Milan (340-397) | Jerome (340-420) | John Chrysostom (347 - 407)| Augustine (354-430 AD) my page for Augustine Pelagius (c.354 - c.420/440) Pelagius Cyril of Alexandria (376–444) | Leo the Great (440-461)| Nestorius (386-481) and Nestorianism: My page for Nestorius --First Council of Nicaea (325) Nicene Creed (325 1st)-- Constantinople dedicated as the second capital of the Roman Empire in 330 378–395: Theodosius I, Roman emperor, bans pagan worship, Christianity is made the official religion of the Empire --First Council of Constantinople (381)-- 420 Augustine's City of God 455, the Vandals took Rome 494 - Pope Gelasius I delineates the relationship between church and state. bubonic plague in A.D. 541–542. 571 Birth of Muhammad, prophet of Islam, (possibly) Medieval (top) The Medieval Church and Scholasticism (590-1517) Boethius (AD 480 - 524 or 525)| Gregory the Great (540-604)| Schoolastics: (top) Anselm of Cantebury(1033-1109)Anselm Abelard (1079 – 1142) my page for Abelard Peter Lombard (c1100-1160)(s?) | Maimonides (1135–1204) (s?)my page for Maimonides Albert the Great (c1206-1280) (s?) | Thomas of Aquinas (1225 – 1274) my page for T of A John Duns Scotus (1266-1308) (?) | William of Ockham (c. 1288 – 1348) Anti-schoolastics: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) Later anti-schoolastics: Renι Descartes (1596 – 1650) | Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) | Robert Boyle (1627-1691) | Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) Other: John Wycliffe(1324-1384) | John Huss (1369-1415)| Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) Renaissance philosophy (aprox 1450- 1517) (some include Reformation in Renaissance period)(top) Dante Alighieri (c. 1265 – 1321) Petrarch (1304 – 1374) Giovanni Boccaccio (1313 – 1375) Humanism Secularism Heliocentrism 610-632 alledged dates of Koran writing 627 The Roman-Persian Wars end. 8th Arab and Berber Muslims conquer Iberian peninsula An account of Buddha's life is translated into Greek by St. John of Damascus, and circulated to Christians as the story of Barlaam and Josaphat. 863-879 - Schism between eastern & western churches 10th century: Byzantine empire reaches military and economic height 11th Great schism 1054 1071, Defeat of the Byzantine Empire/ Battle of Manzikert, Crusades (1095- ) 1099, First Crusade captures Jerusalem c.1119, Foundation of the Knights Templar 1145–1148, The Second Crusade is launched 1189–1192, The Third crusade Renaissance of the 12th century in Europe. 13th Mongols under Genghis Khan conquer and rule over most of Asia and Eastern Europe by establishing Mongol Empire 1204 - Fourth Crusade 5th-8th crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam First European universities founded 14th The Great Famine of 1315-1317 kills millions in Europe The Hundred Years' War Black Death kills about one third of European population (1347 - 1351) The Great Schism of the West begins in 1378, Buddha (under the name Josaphat) made a Catholic saint. Peasants' Revolt in England Beginning of the Renaissance in Italy 15th 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orlιans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War. 1453: Fall of Constantinople/end of the Byzantine Empire. 1455-85: Wars of the Roses - English civil war 1474-77: Burgundy Wars between 1481: Spanish Inquisition begins. 1493: Columbus founds Spain's 1st New World colony on Hispaniola. Early Modern The Reformation (1517-1648) (top) Reformers Martin Luther (1483–1546) my page for Martin Luther Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) Huldrych (or Ulrich) Zwingli (1484–1531) Menno Simons (1496-1561) John Calvin (1509–1564) my page for John Calvin Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556) Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486-1541), Radical Reformers / Anabaptists Thomas Muentzer (or Mόntzer, Mόnzer) (1489 or 1490–1525) Counter-Reformers Johann Eck (1486 – 1543) Johann Tetzel (1465-1519) Leo X,(1475 – 1521) Ignatius of Loyola (1491 – 1556) Teresa of Avila (1515 - 1582) John of the Cross (1542 – 1591) John Huss (c. 1369 - 1415) William Tyndale (and the English Bible)(circa 1494 - October 6, 1536) Theodore Beza (Theodore de Beze or de Besze) (1519 - 1605) John Knox (1505, 1513 or 1514 – 1572) James (Jacob) Arminius (1560-1609) Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) Westminster Confession (1646) John Owen (1616–1683) Jesuits The Roman Catholic Response: Catholic reformation Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) my page for Pascal 95 Theses (1517) 1524-25: Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire. 1527: Sack of Rome is considered the end of the Italian Renaissance. 1531-32: The Church of England breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church and recognizes King Henry VIII as the head of the Church. Council of Trent (1545-1563) Heidelberg Catechism (1563) Thirty-nine Articles (1563) 1558-1603: The Elizabethan era is considered the height of the English Renaissance. 1611: The King James Version of the Bible is completed. 17th-century philosophy The Enlightenment Church (1648 - 1789) (top) 18th Century Age of Enlightenment Hegel (1770-1831) Kant (1724 – 1804), Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) George Whitefield Howell Harris John Wesley (1703-1791) Charles Wesley (1707-1788) George Fox (1624-1691) Augustus Toplady 1692: Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. 1775-1783: American Revolutionary War 1789: George Washington elected President of the United States. Serves until 1797. 1789-99: The French Revolution Great awakenings Methodism Quakers Unitarianism Modern (top) The Modern Church (1798-1970) 19th Century Romanticism F. D. E. Schleiermacher (1768-1834)Schleiermacher John Nelson Darby (1800-1882) John Henry Newman (1801-1890) Charles Finney (1792–1875) C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892) | D. L. Moody (1837-1899)| Johann Christoph Blumhardt (1805-1880) and Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842-1919) Karl Barth (1886-1968) My page for Barth Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) My Page for Bonhoeffer Rudolph Bultmann (1884-1976) Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971) H. Richard Niebuhr (1894-1962): My page for H. Richard Niebuhr | study on Christ & Culture | list of theologian pages formatted by Richard's Typologies Leo Tolstoy (1828 – 1910) my page for Tolstoy Jung (1875-1961) My Page for Jung Benjamin B. Warfield (1851-1921) Paul Tillich (1886-1965) Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)My Page for Kierkegaard Albrecht Ritschl (1822-1889) Adolf von Harnack (1851-1930) Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918) Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) Rudolph Otto (1869-1937) Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) J. Gresham Machen (1881-1936) Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) Emil Brunner (1889-1966) Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) Charles Hartshorne (1897-2000) Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984) Karl Rahner (1904-1984) Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905-1988) Lesslie Newbigin (1909-1998) Jacques Ellul (1912-1994) Paul Ramsey (1913-1988) T. F. Torrance (1913- ) Edward Schillebeeckx (1914- ) Karol Wojtyla (1920-2005) [Pope John Paul II] Alexander Schmemann (1921-1983) Hans Frei (1922-1988) John Cobb (1925- ) Jόrgen Moltmann (1926- ) Joseph Ratzinger (1927- ) [Pope Benedict XVI] John Howard Yoder (1927-1997) Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928- ) Eberhard Jungel (1934- ) Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936- ) Robert W. Jenson ( Stanley Hauerwas (1940- ) Rowan Williams (1950- 1801: Great Britain and Ireland merge to form the UK 1806: Holy Roman Empire dissolved by Treaty of Lunιville. 1812-15: War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain 1815 Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo ends Napoleonic Wars 1834: Spanish Inquisition officially ends. 1837-1901: Victorian era. 1846-48: The Mexican-American War 1846-47: Mormon migration to Utah. 1848: The Communist Manifesto published. 1848: Revolutions of 1848 in Europe 1854-56: Crimean War 1857-58: Indian rebellion of 1857 1859: The Origin of Species published. 1861-65: American Civil War 1871-1914: Second Industrial Revolution 1870s-90s: Long Depression in W. Europe and N. America 1875-1900: 26 million Indians perished in India from famine 1876-1914: Gilded Age: The massive expansion in population, territory, industry and wealth in the U.S. 1896: Olympic games revived in Athens. 1898: The United States the Spanish-American War. 1914-1918 WWI Russian Revolution of 1917 1929 Start of Great Depression The rise of dictatorships 1939-1945 WWII Pacific Theater of Operations The Holocaust The Nuclear Age begins The Post-War World Israel and Palestine The end of empire Main article: New Imperialism An "Iron Curtain" forms Main article: Cold War Korean War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis Space Race The end of the Cold War Dawn of the Information Age European Union Liberalism Neo-Orthodoxy Process theology Feminism Existentialism Liberation theology First Vatican Council (1869-1870) Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) Charismatic or Pentecostalism The Post-modern Church (1970 - present) (top) Liberal postmodern theologians include: Mark C. Taylor, Thomas J. J. Altizer, Robert P. Scharlemann, Charles Winquist, David Ray Griffin, Don Cupitt Conservative postmodern theologians include: George Lindbeck, John Milbank, Jean-Luc Marion, Michel de Certeau Relativism Open Theism New Perspective on Paul House Church The Emerging Church Mark C. Taylor, Walt Lowe, Robert Scharlemann, Jean-Luc Marion, Kevin Hart, Carl Raschke, John Caputo, Edith Wyschogrod, Charles Winquist, and Graham Ward Links of interest (top) Where to do research? | Religion-Online | Particular Theologians' Works and Discussions of Interest to Christian Theology | Christian Authors Database: Modern Non-Evangelicals | People of Ideas during THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY | Theologians (born 1866-1900)at Wabash Center | The Liberal Protestant Tradition in America| Trends and Developments CLICK HERE Home Page Enter Religious Studies Directory Home page Copyright © 2005 Chris Center All rights reserved.

Augustine

Thomas of Aquinas

Martin Luther

John Calvin

Blaise Pascal

Hegel

Kant

Johnathan Edwards

John Wesley

Karl Barth

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Reinhold Niebuhr

H. Richard Niebuhr

John Howard Yoder